https://seaandskyny.com/2024/10/20/coastal-cities-have-a-hidden-vulnerability-to-storm-surge-and-tidal-flooding-%e2%88%92-entirely-caused-by-humans/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.pngimage2024-10-20T22:38:29+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2022/12/19/southeast-winds-and-flooding-from-continental-storms/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/sfas_diff_bergenbasin_221219-1030.pngsfas_diff_bergenbasin_221219-1030https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/sfas_plot_bergenbasin_221219-1030.pngsfas_plot_bergenbasin_221219-1030https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/sfas_diff_battery_221219-1030.pngsfas_diff_battery_221219-1030https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/sfas_plot_battery_221219-1030.pngsfas_plot_battery_221219-10302022-12-19T16:19:16+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2020/07/18/lessons-on-containment-for-the-climate-pandemic/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/covid19-log.jpgcovid19-loghttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/inwood-log.jpginwood-loghttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/howardbeach-mbc_2.jpgHowardBeach-MBC_22020-07-18T15:14:13+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2019/10/01/vanishing-glaciers-rising-seas-and-more-street-flooding-in-low-lying-new-york-city-neighborhoods/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/25526581455_b45186fa18_o.jpg25526581455_b45186fa18_ohttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/npcc_2019_monthly_tidal_flooding_slr.jpgNPCC_2019_monthly_tidal_flooding_SLRhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/nyc-dcp_resilientneighborhoods_broadchannel.pngNYC-DCP_ResilientNeighborhoods_BroadChannel2019-10-01T21:03:42+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2019/07/09/pants-on-fire-causing-higher-carbon-emissions/2019-07-09T14:58:13+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2018/06/02/of-carousels-and-ocean-gyres/2018-06-03T15:27:48+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2018/03/01/repetitive-flooding-coming-with-winter-storm-riley/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gfs_mslp_wind_neus_11.pnggfs_mslp_wind_neus_11https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gfs_mslp_wind_neus_6.pnggfs_mslp_wind_neus_6https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sfas_plot-keansburg180301-0737.pngsfas_plot-keansburg180301-0737https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sfas_plot-inwood180301-0737.pngsfas_plot-Inwood180301-0737https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sfas_plot-battery180301-0737.pngsfas_plot-Battery180301-0737https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sfas_plot-atlanticcity180301-0737.pngsfas_plot-atlanticcity180301-07372018-03-01T13:52:31+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2017/03/05/investing-in-noaa-ocean-and-atmospheric-research/2017-03-06T02:10:45+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/05/26/sandys-staten-island-flooding-deaths-a-man-made-disaster/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/statenislanddrownings.jpgStatenIslandDrowningsMap showing the south-east shore of Staten Island, fatalities (dots), and descriptions of cause-for-death.2016-12-06T21:15:22+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2016/02/25/a-new-normal-or-drowning-by-a-million-drops/2016-02-26T14:45:43+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2016/01/23/noreaster-flood-intermission-and-the-coming-second-act/2016-01-26T13:38:43+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2016/01/21/noreaster-jonas-evening-forecast-addendum/2016-01-22T02:20:39+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2016/01/21/noreaster-jonas-coastal-flood-forecast/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/sfas_plot_lewes_160121-1427_all.pngsfas_plot_Lewes_160121-1427_ALLhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/sfas_plot_capemay_160121-1427_all.pngsfas_plot_CapeMay_160121-1427_ALLhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/sfas_plot_lewes_160121-0948_snap-ex.pngsfas_plot_Lewes_160121-0948_SNAP-ExFigure: Stevens Flood Advisory System experimental SNAP forecast for water levels at Lewes (blue), relative to NAVD88 (similar to mean sea level). Observed water levels are shown in red, and the forecast uncertainty is shown in grey (90% confidence interval).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/sfas_plot_capemay_160121-0944_snap-ex.pngsfas_plot_CapeMay_160121-0944_SNAP-Ex2016-01-21T20:03:26+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2015/10/01/hurricane-joaquin-flood-forecast-interpretation/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/capemay_elev.pngCapeMay_elevFigure 3:  Ensemble flood forecast for Cape May, New Jersey.  The red line shows the observed water level, grey lines show 70 cases of modeled storm surge, the black lines show the total water level (modeled surge + tide), green lines show two experimental weighted “best estimates”, and magenta circles show the peaks of each curve.  27 of 70 cases give a “major flood level”, and 69 of 70 a “moderate flood level”, as defined on a site-by-site basis by the National Weather Service.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/sswsbattery_1001930z_ftnavd.pngSSWSbattery_1001930z_ftNAVDFigure 2:  Stevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System experimental forecast for water levels at the Battery, Manhattan (magenta), relative to NAVD88 (similar to mean sea level).  Predicted tides are also shown (blue), as well as observed water levels (red), and SBSS and NOAA forecasts for comparison.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/sswscapemay_10011930z_ftnavd.pngSSWScapemay_10011930z_ftNAVDFigure 1: Stevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System experimental forecast for water levels at Cape May (magenta), relative to NAVD88 (similar to mean sea level). Predicted tides are also shown (blue), as well as observed water levels (red), and SBSS and NOAA forecasts for comparison.2015-10-01T21:06:45+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2015/08/16/chances-of-overtopping-the-proposed-staten-island-levees/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wnyc_ploto.jpgwnyc_plotoFlood exceedance curves, showing return period versus storm tide height. (black) FEMA's flood return period curve for Midland Beach, Staten Island, offset by +0.6 feet to match the Corps' numbers. (blue) the same curve, offset by 20 inches of sea level rise, showing a reduction in return period (dashed lines) to ~1000 years.2015-08-18T19:18:02+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2015/07/28/increasing-coincident-surge-and-rain-flooding/2015-07-28T23:22:05+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2015/01/26/coastal-flood-and-wave-forecast-for-the-blizzard/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/us_eastcoast-hs-f039h.pngUS_eastcoast.hs.f039hNOAA Wavewatch forecast for the US East Coast.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/new_plot_ac.pngnew_plot_ACcaption!https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/new_plot_kp.pngnew_plot_KPcaption herehttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/new_plot_battery.pngnew_plot_batteryCoastal flood forecast for New York Harbor in feet above mean lower low water (average daily low tide).2015-01-26T12:34:00+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2014/09/19/why-i-am-marching-for-climate/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/global_co2_emissions.jpgglobal_co2_emissions2014-09-20T11:20:54+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2014/06/26/resilience-concepts-behind-living-breakwaters/2014-06-27T17:54:19+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2014/06/20/living-growing-breakwaters-and-building-community-resilience/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sandy_model_peakfloodelevations.jpgSandy_model_peakfloodelevationsPeak water elevations during Hurricane Sandy in meters above mean sea levelhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/h2012_owi_femagrid_nyc.gifH2012_OWI_FEMAgrid_NYCADCIRC model simulation of Hurricane Sandy's storm tide at New York City, with water elevations (color shading) in meters.2014-06-22T04:54:29+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/about/2014-06-20T20:33:39+00:00weekly0.6https://seaandskyny.com/2014/06/04/increasing-storm-tides-in-new-york-harbor-1844-2013/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/fig2_upperpanel.jpgGRL_Fig2_upperpanelAnnual Maximum Storm Tide from gauges around the New York Harbor area. The error bars denote the estimated precision, and the dashed horizontal line depicts the 1.75m AMST threshold (a nominal seawall height for Manhattan).2014-06-20T13:57:07+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/25/spring-tides-and-perfect-storms/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/noaa_tides_and_currents_oct2012_battery.pngnoaa_tides_and_currents_Oct2012_BatteryPredicted tides, observed total water levels, and the anomaly at The Battery for October, 2012.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/movie351.jpgmovie351The perfect storm of late October, 1991, with shaded wind speed (in meters per second, roughly double it to get knots or mph).2014-06-11T00:37:54+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/10/30/hud-rebuild-by-design-plans-for-the-future-coast/2014-06-04T11:46:56+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2014/01/02/winter-coastal-storms-a-dangerous-mix-of-hazards/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/kings_point_forecast_140102_1530est.pngKings_Point_forecast_140102_1530ESTcaptionhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/picture2.pngPicture2Rescue worker struggles to haul evacuation boat to the front door of this home in Revere, Mass (photograph by Paul Benoit, Boston Herald American).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/picture1.pngPicture1Winthrop Drive, in the Beachmont section of Revere, Mass., was flooded by waves and tidal surge during the Blizzard of '78 that overflowed the seawall (credit: The Boston Globe)2014-01-03T00:24:39+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/11/20/air-quality-measurements-on-your-own-window-sill/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/air-quality-egg.pngair quality egghttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/egg1.jpgegg1https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/egg2.jpgegg22013-11-26T21:00:10+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/10/28/hurricane-sandy-storm-surge-map-animations/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t060459.pngsurge_movie_20121029T060459Click to see an animation of Hurricane Sandy modeled wind and pressure driven storm surge (color shading) from Hatteras to Nova Scotia. Arrows are wind velocity vectors (see the scale arrow for a 33 m/s or 74 mph hurricane strength wind), contours are isobars - lines of constant atmospheric pressure. An inset panel shows the four day time-history of modeled surge near NYC's shoreline at Sandy Hook.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t090459.pngsurge_movie_20121029T090459Click to see an animation of Hurricane Sandy modeled wind and pressure driven storm surge (color shading) from Hatteras to Nova Scotia. Arrows are wind velocity vectors (see the scale arrow for a 33 m/s or 74 mph hurricane strength wind), contours are isobars - lines of constant atmospheric pressure. An inset panel shows the four day time-history of modeled surge near NYC's shoreline at Sandy Hook.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t120459.pngsurge_movie_20121029T120459Click to see an animation of Hurricane Sandy modeled wind and pressure driven storm surge (color shading) from Hatteras to Nova Scotia. Arrows are wind velocity vectors (see the scale arrow for a 33 m/s or 74 mph hurricane strength wind), contours are isobars - lines of constant atmospheric pressure. An inset panel shows the four day time-history of modeled surge near NYC's shoreline at Sandy Hook.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/elev_movie_20121029t120500.pngelev_movie_20121029T120500Click to see an animation of Hurricane Sandy modeled wind and pressure driven storm surge (color shading) from Hatteras to Nova Scotia. Arrows are wind velocity vectors (see the scale arrow for a 33 m/s or 74 mph hurricane strength wind), contours are isobars - lines of constant atmospheric pressure. An inset panel shows the four day time-history of modeled surge near NYC's shoreline at Sandy Hook.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/elev_movie_20121030t010500.pngelev_movie_20121030T010500Click to see an anmation of water elevation (color shading) in the New York City, New Jersey and Long Island region. Also shown are wind velocity vectors (arrow) and isobars. The right panel shows a zoom to the NYC region. The axes on the top right show water elevation at The Battery over four days.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/elev_movie_20121029t211459.pngelev_movie_20121029T211459https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/elev_movie_20121029t160459.pngelev_movie_20121029T160459https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t1604591.pngsurge_movie_20121029T160459https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t160459.pngsurge_movie_20121029T160459https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/surge_movie_20121029t150459.pngsurge_movie_20121029T1504592013-11-14T18:55:42+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/09/24/re-awakening-the-american-meteorological-societys-nyc-meetings/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/kerryemanuel.jpgProfessor Kerry Emanuel, MIThttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/lin_etal_natcc12_figure1.jpgLin_etal_NatCC12_Figure1A worst-case hurricane storm track and surge at New York City, from Lin et al. Nature Climate Change, 2012 DOI:10.1038/NCLIMATE1389.2013-10-09T03:29:14+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/08/23/next-mayor-continue-to-lead-on-climate/2013-09-10T00:45:01+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/08/01/not-a-priority-federal-funding-to-improve-flood-forecasting/2013-08-01T18:29:40+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/11/04/touring-sandys-impact-on-lower-manhattan/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3118.jpgIMG_3118With layers of expansion into East River over NYC's history, the original waterfront street, Front Street, actually was relatively dry. However, landfill built the neighborhood seaward, and this has been superceded by Water Street and then seaward of that, FDR Drive and the modern-day waterfront park promenade. These all were temporarily re-claimed by the hungry East River during Sandy's sojourn.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3109.jpgIMG_3109South Street Seaport was a complete mess, and I noticed an oily sheen everywhere -- apparently from all the cars that "got floated" by the very deep flooding there, as deep at 7 feet (see next).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3107.jpgIMG_3107South Street Seaport Heartland Brewers -- sandbags in front of the door, but water finds a wayhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3103.jpgIMG_3103Underground parking may lose some popularityhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3077.jpgIMG_3077Soggy, slightly warped plywood after the storm. I can't tell how well these worked, but I expect that deep standing water was on top of this for a few hours.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_2993.jpgIMG_2993Pre-storm at Battery Park: Will the plywood storm barriers over subway stairwells and air vents be enough? (we now know the answer ... though these may have worked and water could have gotten in through other "holes").https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3094.jpgIMG_3094High water lines of flotsam at the Financial District intersection of Pearl and xxxxx Streets. Bad sign: portable plastic dams in the flotsam line.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/img_3091.jpgIMG_3091Pumping water out near White Horse, a favorite old barhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/sss_hwm3.jpgsss_HWM3High water mark in the South Street Seaport neighborhood, at South St. and Dover St., just behind (and downhill from) the waterfront2013-05-05T14:45:31+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/05/26/rising-waters-and-coastal-floods-living-with-sea-level-rise-in-nyc-part-22/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure-5.jpgFigure 5Figure 5. Areas flooded in New York City by the 1-in100-year flood with future sea level rise, assuming rapid ice melt. Current FEMA 1-in100-year flood zone (purple); with sea level rise by the 2020s (yellow); 2050s (orange); 2080s (red). (NPCC, 2010). Note: This map is subject to limitations in accuracy resulting from the climate models, datasets, and methodology used in its preparation. The map and data should not be used to assess actual coastal hazards, insurance requirements or property values, or be used in lieu of the Flood Insurance Rate Maps issued by FEMA.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure4.jpgFigure4Figure 4. Observed (black line) and future sea level rise, New York City. The pale-shaded blue shows the full range of projected GCM-based sea level rise; the dark-shaded blue shows the full range of projected sea level rise for the rapid ice-melt scenario. The colored lines indicate averages for each of the emissions scenarios across the 7 GCMs. (CCSR, 2011). https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure-3.jpgFigure 3Fig. 3. Flooding of the Hoboken Path Station, New Jersey during the December, 1992 nor’easter. (New York City Office of Emergency Management).2013-03-12T15:51:26+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/05/24/rising-waters-and-coastal-floods-living-with-sea-level-rise-in-nyc-part-12/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure-2.jpgFigure 2Figure 2. Generalized post-glacial sea level rise curve. Periods of rapid sea level rise (meltwater pulses, MWP) are indicated. (Gornitz, 2009).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure11.jpgFigure1Figure 1. Variations in carbon dioxide, methane, sea level, and climate forcing over the glacial-interglacial cycles of the last 800,000 years (from Hansen, J.E. and Sato, M., 2011. Paleoclimate implications for human-made climate change. Used with permission). http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2011/20110118_MilankovicPaper.pdfhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/figure1.jpgfigure1Figure 1. Variations in carbon dioxide, methane, sea level, and climate forcing over the glacial-interglacial cycles of the last 800,000 years (from Hansen, J.E. and Sato, M., 2011. Paleoclimate implications for human-made climate change. Used with permission). http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2011/20110118_MilankovicPaper.pdfhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/table1.giftable12013-03-12T15:50:00+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/03/01/a-peahorn-polder-wildlife-refuge-for-hoboken-flood-protection/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/peahornpolder_andhoboken.jpgPeahornPolder_andHobokencaptionhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/graphic2.jpgGraphic2hoboken and it's nearby neighbor, https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/graphic1.jpgGraphic1Creek2013-03-06T03:10:32+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2013/02/05/perspectives-on-nynj-coastal-adaptation-to-extreme-flooding-events/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/jbay_1844.jpgJBay_1844Jamaica Bay in 1844 - note the different location of the bay's entrance channel (Coney Island is to the far left)2013-02-06T10:44:34+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/11/03/sandy-im-in-misery-storm-recap/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/hobokens_drowning_cabs_nyt.jpghobokens_drowning_cabs_NYTHoboken taxi lot under water the day after Sandy's sojourn to NYC and NJ. Credit: Charles Sykes, APhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/goes13_ir4_29oct_loop_uwisconsin.gifGOES13_IR4_29Oct_loop_UWisconsinGOES satellite data animation of Sandy as she made landfall in New Jersey Oct 29, 2012 (Credit: University of Wisconsin).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/bruno_batterywaterlevels.jpgBruno_BatteryWaterLevelsWater levels for the secondary gauge (primary one failed) at The Battery for Hurricane Sandy, relative to MLLW (average daily low tide), from NOAA/NOS.2012-11-15T14:21:12+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/11/04/tempest-tossed-lets-not-imitate-new-orleans/2012-11-07T03:50:54+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/11/02/large-oil-spill-in-ny-harbor-delays-port-opening/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ny_harbor2.jpegNY harborNY harbor, normally bustling with vessel traffic, is quiet Friday afternoon. In the distance, vessels are moored awaiting entrance to the harbor.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ny_harbor1.jpegNY harborNY harbor, normally bustling with vessel traffic, is quiet Friday afternoon. In the distance, vessels are moored awaiting entrance to the harbor.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ny_harbor.jpegNY harborNY harbor, normally bustling with vessel traffic, is quiet Friday afternoon. In the distance, vessels are moored awaiting entrance to the harbor.2012-11-03T03:19:28+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/29/updated-forecasts-from-ssws-and-et-surge/2012-11-01T21:40:46+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/11/01/upcoming-presentation-on-surges-barriers-and-coastal-restoration/2012-11-01T18:46:34+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/29/what-height-to-expect-from-this-evenings-deluge/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_kingspoint_12102910h_lmsl.pngSSWS_KingsPoint_12102910h_LMSLStevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System forecast for water levels at Kings Point in Western Long Island Sound (magenta), relative to mean sea level (LMSL). Predicted tides are also shown (blue), as well as observed water levels and the NOAA ET-Surge forecast for comparison (green).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102910h_lmsl.pngSSWS_Battery_12102910h_LMSLStevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System forecast for water levels at The Battery (magenta), relative to mean sea level (LMSL). Predicted tides are also shown (blue), as well as observed water levels and the NOAA ET-Surge forecast for comparison (green).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/sandy-current-surge.pngSandy-current-surgecaptionhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/sandy-30percent-elev1.pngSandy-30percent-elevhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/sandy-30percent-elev.pngSandy-30percent-elevNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including the storm surge heights that have a 30% likelihood of being exceeded (from NOAA's NHC's P-SURGE). Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.2012-10-29T19:02:14+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/28/dangerous-likely-recordbreaking-surge-coming-to-nyc/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/nhc_psurge_10pe_12102820h.jpgNHC_PSURGE_10pe_12102820hNOAA's probabilistic surge (P-Surge) forecast of a 10% likelihood storm surge amplitude. To estimate total water levels, add this value to the tide height at the time of peak surge.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_kingspoint_12102816h_lmsl.pngSSWS_KingsPoint_12102816h_LMSLhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102816h_lmsl.pngSSWS_Battery_12102816h_LMSLStevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System forecast for water levels at The Battery (magenta), relative to mean lower low water (MLLW - normal daily low tide). Predicted tides are also shown (blue), as well as observed water levels and the NOAA ET-Surge forecast for comparison (green).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/wunderground_nam_12102818z_winds.jpgWunderground_NAM_12102818z_windsWind forecast for 7pm Monday, from NOAA's North American Mesoscale (NAM) model, showing winds blowing into NY Harbor at 45-50mph (red color) and even 50-55mph (magenta). The eye of the storm is the region with weak winds (white).2012-10-29T16:29:24+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/28/sandys-storm-surge-forecast-interpretation-steady-and-not-good/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/nhc_psurge_10pe_12102805h.jpgNHC_PSURGE_10pe_12102805hhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_kingspoint_12102806h.pngSSWS_KingsPoint_12102806hCaptionhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102806h.pngSSWS_Battery_12102806hCaption!2012-10-28T15:46:56+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/27/sandyfrankenstorm-storm-surge-forecast-interpretation-sat-11am-update/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102706h.pngSSWS_Battery_12102706hadd cption!2012-10-27T21:09:37+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/10/27/sandyfrankenstorm-forecast-interpretation/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102700h.pngSSWS_Battery_12102700hStevens NYHOPS Storm Surge Warning System forecast for water levels at The Battery (magenta), relative to mean lower low water (MLLW - normal daily low tide).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_kingspoint_12102700h.pngSSWS_KingsPoint_12102700hwrite a caption!https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_kingspoint_12102700h_lmsl.pngSSWS_KingsPoint_12102700h_LMSLhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ssws_battery_12102700h_lmsl.pngSSWS_Battery_12102700h_LMSLwrite a caption!2012-10-27T14:45:27+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/09/18/presenting-wednesday-impacts-of-irene-lee-on-the-hudson/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/speer_cohoesfallsmohawkriver.jpgSpeer_CohoesFallsMohawkRiverhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/nyc_ali_2011255_lrg.jpgIDL TIFF file2012-10-07T19:26:43+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/08/26/birds-eye-and-fish-eye-views-of-irenes-floodwaters/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/hudson_model_image.jpgHudson_model_image.Irene animation and voice-over for the Hudson River, section view from Verrazano (ocean end) northward to Albany (river end). Black areas are below the river bed. Colors are defined in the titles and color bars on the right, with the top panel showing water speed and bottom showing water salinity. Total water elevation is the vertical level of the color-shaded regions. The orange dashed lines show the minor and moderate flooding benchmarks -- generally where water spills over sea walls.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/surge_map_peak.jpgsurge_map_peakClick to see animation of plan view of modeled tropical storm Irene (1) storm surge and (2) total water elevations, with voice-over, August 27-29, 2011. Based on model runs using Stevens ECOM, the model used for Stevens Institute's NYHOPS and Storm Surge Warning System.2012-10-07T19:26:08+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/09/23/fall-colors-and-the-urban-heat-island/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/photo_nov_centralpark.jpgphoto_Nov_centralparkFall colors in Cental Park on Nov 5, 2011https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/img_1303.pngIMG_1303https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dsc00027.jpgDSC00027Photo taken along the western bank of the Hudson River on November 15th, 2007. An astute reader may have noticed the picture at the top is not Central Park - that is also at this same location, below Lamont-Doherty at the NY/NJ State Line. I don't seem to have any Central Park fall colors pics!https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dsc00019.jpgDSC00019https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/temperaturef_map_110609_0115.jpgtemperatureF_map_110609_0115Air temperature measurements at 1:15 AM during a recent heat wave. The 240 weather stations demonstrate how some neighborhoods around New York City were as much as 15 degrees warmer than rural areas. Data courtesy of Mark Arend.2012-10-02T18:53:16+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/09/27/nycs-ultimate-locavore-food-blue-crab/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/crabface.jpgcrabfaceAn angry blue crab caught in the Hudson River, later eaten by the authorhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/piera_fullbucket.jpgPierA_fullbucketA full bucket of blue crabs caught with six small traps in five hours on the Hudson River, September 27, 20122014-04-12T15:11:38+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/01/31/urban-oceanographer-scuba-diving-in-newark-bay/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/newarkbay2.jpgNewarkBay2https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/newark_bay.jpgNewark_Bayhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/newarkbay.jpgNewarkBay2012-09-24T12:11:35+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/04/29/trees-tell-the-story-of-500-years-of-nyc-drought-history/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/bronx-salt_marsh.jpgBronx.salt_marshhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/om-big-oaks.jpgOM.big.oakshttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/mp-phatt_oak-clump.jpgMP.phatt_oak.clumphttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hvdroughtstylizedweb.jpgHVdroughtStylizedWebAnnual May-Aug drought (dashed line) for the Greater NYC Region. The solid line emphasizes decadal-scale changes in moisture availability including pluvials (above average moisture; blue) and drought (red).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hvinstsummerannualprecipregimes.jpgHVinstSummerAnnualPrecipRegimesAnnual (top, dark blue line) and summer (bottom, light blue line) precipitation for the Hudson Valley. Adapted from: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/time-series/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hudsonriverseptember2011muddy.jpgHudsonRiverSeptember2011muddyThe Hudson River, September 20112012-09-22T15:13:35+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/08/23/baseline-air-quality-measurements-at-asphalt-green/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/august_resultso.jpgaugust_resultsoDaily average concentrations of atmospheric fine particles in micrograms per cubic meter at Asphalt Green, from August 2-23, 2012. Data from a school in South Bronx (PS154) are shown for comparison. Concentrations at both sites did not exceed the EPA standard for a 24-hour average.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/august_results.jpgaugust_resultsDaily average concentrations of fine particulates in micrograms per cubic meter at a school in South Bronx (PS154) and at Asphalt Green, from August 2-23, 2012. Concentrations at both sites did not exceed the EPA standard for a 24-hour average.2012-08-24T12:03:47+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/06/01/monitoring-air-quality-empowering-communities/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/dirtyheatingoilbuildingmap.jpgdirtyheatingoilbuildingmapMap of buildings burning dirty fuel oil in the blocks surrounding Asphalt Green and the proposed MTS site, from a mapping tool on Environmental Defense Fund's website.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/dirty_building_emisions.jpgdirty_building_emisionsCredit: Environmental Defense Fund / Isabelle Silvermanhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/img_1988.jpgIMG_1988Met One Aero-212 atmospheric particle counter deployed at Asphalt Greenhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/garbage_truck_blocker.jpggarbage_truck_blocker2012-08-24T03:53:53+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/08/10/what-effect-would-stopping-the-flow-have-on-ironman/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/westchester12_map_maxconcs_halted.jpgwestchester12_map_maxconcs_haltedcaptionhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/westchester12_map_maxconcs_incessant1.jpgwestchester12_map_maxconcs_incessantSewage pathogen concentrations in surface waters Saturday morning (maximum from 6-9AM at each location), relative to a value of 1.0 Thursday afternoon in the region offshore of Tarrytown, NY. https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/westchester12_map_maxconcs_incessant.jpgwestchester12_map_maxconcs_incessantSewage pathogen concentrations in surface waters Saturday morning from 6-9AM, relative to a value of 1.0 Thursday afternoon in the region offshore of Tarrytown, NY. 2012-08-11T12:53:32+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/08/10/tracing-the-sewage-plume-and-impact-on-the-iron-man-swim/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/westchester12_1.jpgwestchester12_1Click on the figure to go to Vimeo for a full animation of the 4-day period.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/westchester12_map_maxconcso.jpgwestchester12_map_maxconcsoMaximum sewage pathogen concentrations in surface waters from Wednesday through Saturday, relative to a value of 1.0 in the region offshore of Tarrytown, NY. A full movie of the 4-day simulation is linked from the next figure, below.2012-08-14T01:50:02+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/07/26/do-property-taxes-pay-back-wastewater-infrastructure-costs/2012-07-27T18:33:11+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/01/07/urban-oceanographer-the-lights-of-manhattan-island/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/nyc.jpgnychttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/vn.jpgQueen Mary 2 sailing under the bridge, July 1, 2004. (Photograph Howard Paulman)2012-05-25T14:48:58+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/05/25/2012-fleetweek-parade-of-ships-on-the-hudson/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2188_01.jpgDSCN2188_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2170_01.jpgDSCN2170_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2168_01.jpgDSCN2168_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2166_01.jpgDSCN2166_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2106_01.jpgDSCN2106_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2105_01.jpgDSCN2105_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2083_01.jpgDSCN2083_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/dscn2057_01.jpgDSCN2057_01https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/2012_05_23_15_59_45_videoscreenshot.jpg2012_05_23_15_59_45_VideoScreenshothttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/2012_05_23_11_59_26_cam1.jpg2012_05_23_11_59_26_Cam12012-05-25T14:45:51+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/04/07/central-park-north-woods-and-waterways/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/saucermag-2735.jpgSaucerMag 2735https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/redbud-2766.jpgRedbud 2766https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/pinkstar_2687.jpgPinkStar_2687https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/crabapple-2700.jpgCrabapple 2700https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/3260.jpg3260https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/3224.jpg3224https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/img_1796.jpgIMG_1796https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/img_1795.jpgIMG_1795https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/img_1778.jpgIMG_1778https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/img_1771.jpgIMG_17712012-04-08T02:07:34+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/wundermap/2012-03-28T19:28:16+00:00weekly0.6https://seaandskyny.com/2012/03/21/five-flavors-of-fog-turn-nyc-greyscale/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/johnhuntington_controlgeek_verrazanobridge.jpgJohnHuntington_ControlGeek_VerrazanoBridgeSunrise on the Verrazano Bridge, March 18th, 2012. Credit: John Huntington, http://www.controlgeek.net/blog/2012/3/18/floating-verrazano.htmlhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/connorhughes_verrazanobridge.jpgConnorHughes_VerrazanoBridgeFog obscuring the Verrazano Bridge, March 20, 2012. Credit: Connor Hughes, http://instagr.am/p/IVIaqRyN1V/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/jcolen_dot_com_bridgeinfog1bbwforweb.jpgJColen_dot_com_BridgeinFog1bB&WForWebFogging over the Verazanno Bridge, date unknown. Credit: Jeff Colen, http://jcolen.com2012-03-21T20:23:26+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/11/30/garbage-transfer-stations-and-delicate-ecosystems/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ht_irene_nyc_flooding_jef_ss_110828_ssh.jpght_irene_nyc_flooding_jef_ss_110828_sshhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/barriobaymap.jpgBarrioBayMapThe site of the existing marine garbage transfer station (MTS), where a new expanded facility is scheduled to begin construction in 2012 but under appeal.2013-05-17T14:38:49+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/03/05/where-are-the-currents-weakest-around-manhattan/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/barriobaymap_labeled.jpgBarrioBayMap_labeledhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/meanvel1_tidal_manhattano.jpgOrton_NYHOPS_tidalcurrent_ManhattanMap of the average tide-driven water speed in the vicinity of Manhattan, New York City. The arrow shows the site of the proposed MTS, the location with the weakest currents.2012-03-07T19:42:41+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/02/14/the-nyc-storm-surge-threat/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/pathflooding_1992_metronyhurricanetransportstudy1995.jpgPATHflooding_1992_MetroNYHurricaneTransportStudy19952012-03-02T02:33:09+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/02/28/blowing-out-the-oceans-waters/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/winds-php.pngwinds.phpWind observations at JFK Airport, from the Urban Ocean Observatory (which is the parent site of SSWS).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/norriepoint_ssws_120226.pngNorriePoint_SSWS_120226Time history of tide predictions (blue), NYHOPS model predictions (magenta) and observations (red dots) at Norrie Point along the Hudson (near Poughkeepsie).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/spoonbeams_pic_mudflats.jpgspoonbeams_pic_mudflats2012-03-01T22:11:39+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/02/10/winter-2011-2012-hitting-50-degrees-every-week/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/winter20112012_temp_ts.jpgwinter20112012_temp_tsAir temperatures from December 1st, 2011, through February 10th, 2012, measured at Central Park (red) and La Guardia (blue). Also shown are horizontal lines marking the 50-degree and 32-degree mark (freezing). Data from NYHOPS, http://stevens.edu/NYHOPS .2012-02-18T04:54:12+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/nyc-metnet/2012-02-17T15:41:50+00:00weekly0.6https://seaandskyny.com/flood-forecasts/2026-01-18T17:19:24+00:00weekly0.6https://seaandskyny.com/2012/01/30/is-there-a-future-to-skiing-in-the-adirondacks/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/climaid_snow_change.jpgClimaid_snow_changeSnowpack in the mountains of New York State is projected to decline sharply in future decades due to global warming. The black line shows historical snowpack and the colored lines show modeled snowpack for the same period, and also for future decades. Credit: NY State ClimAID Report, 2011.2012-02-11T13:12:08+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2012/01/13/our-cozy-little-heat-island/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/jan2011_coldesthour2.jpgjan2011_coldesthourMap of air temperature during the coldest hour of 2011 in New York City, January 24th, at 7:00am. Data comes from a wide range of public and private weather stations, and is of varying quality, so one should not focus too much on any one station, particularly those that differ from neighboring stations. Data credits are given at the bottom of this post.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/jan2011_coldesthour1.jpgjan2011_coldesthourhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/jan2011_coldesthour.jpgjan2011_coldesthourMap of air temperature during the coldest hour of 2011 in New York City, January 24th, at 7:00am. Background image is Google satellite view, and shows how the urbanized areas (grey) are warmer than the rural areas (green). Winds were 5-10 mph from the north, so the efffect of the ocean likely was not strong around most parts of New York City.2012-01-14T22:51:36+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/06/08/keeping-cool-in-the-heat-wave/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/nycmetnet_winds_temps_thurs.jpgNYCMetNet_winds_temps_thurstesthttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/nycmetnet_winds_temps.jpgNYCMetNet_winds_temps2011-12-28T15:14:10+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/10/can-nyc-beaches-get-swallowed-by-the-sea-in-a-storm/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/barrier_island_washover.jpgbarrier_island_washoverOcean City, Maryland, 1962https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/scileppi_donnelly_figure.jpgscileppi_donnelly_figure.2011-12-28T15:11:59+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2010/12/14/the-hudsons-20-foot-breaking-waves/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/breaking_internal_wave.jpgbreaking_internal_wavehttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/breaking_internal_waves.jpgbreaking_internal_waves2012-01-10T17:50:26+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/02/new-york-harbor-seals/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/daviddrits_0021credited.jpgDavidDrits_0021creditedhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/gavinguerra_cormorant.jpgGavinGuerra_CormorantCredit: Gavin Guerrahttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/gavinguerra_seals11.jpgGavinGuerra_Seals11Credit: Gavin Guerrahttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/gavinguerra_seals12.jpgGavinGuerra_Seals12Credit: Gavin Guerrahttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/seals11.jpgSeals11Credit: Gavin Guerrahttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/gavinguerra_seals_bridge.jpgGavinGuerra_Seals_BridgeCredit: Gavin Guerrahttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/daviddrits_0021.jpgDavidDrits_0021Credit: David Drits2011-12-02T14:42:21+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/07/14/surf-temperatures-rising-in-time-for-the-weekend/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/reynoldschannel_wtemp.pngReynoldsChannel_wtemphttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/nybight_sst_110715_23h.jpgNYBight_SST_110715_23hNYHOPShttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/nybight_sst_110714_16h.jpgNYBight_SST_110714_16hNYHOPS modeled sea surface temperature map for the afternoon of July 14th, 4:00pm. Long Island is at the top.2011-12-02T14:39:37+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/07/22/where-is-the-sewage-spill-plume-going/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/nyhops_plume_forecast_july22_6pm.jpgNYHOPS_plume_forecast_July22_6pmPlume simulation movie -- click to watch. Black dots simulate discrete parcels of water moving through the system.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/10thst_outfall.jpg10thSt_Outfall2011-12-02T14:37:53+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/07/08/jamaica-bay-restoration-for-jfk-airport-expansion/2011-12-02T14:33:55+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/11/22/king-tides-a-window-to-future-sea-level-rise/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/img_1309.jpgIMG_1309Average sea level at East River on the Upper East Side.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/img_1285.jpgIMG_1285King Tide on East River on the Upper East Side, October 26th, 2011. The building is the 91st Street marine garbage transfer station, and FDR Drive is on the left. https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/rockaway-beach-at-b-b-95th-st-10-27-11-830-am.jpgRockaway Beach at B. B. 95th St. 10 27 11 830 amNormal high tide at Rockaway Beach. Credit: https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/rockaway-beach-at-b-36st-st-10-126-11-830-am.jpgRockaway Beach at B. 36st St 10 126 11 830 amRockaway Beach at 36th Street, October 26th, 8:30am. Credit: https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/po-1-k.jpgPO 1 KKing tide shot at XX. Credit: [name].https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/po-n.jpgPO NPicture of the normal high tide level at XX, New Jersey. credit: [name]2011-12-02T14:32:07+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/10/25/king-tides-and-sea-level-rise-and-beachcombing/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/battery_kingtide1.pngBattery_kingtideTides, water level forecast and observations for Battery Park, relative to mean higher-high water (MHHW), the average daily high tide level.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/battery_kingtide.pngBattery_kingtidehttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/ht_irene_nyc_flooding_jef_ss_110828_ssh.jpght_irene_nyc_flooding_jef_ss_110828_sshExtreme high waters occurred along East River during the landfall of (formerly) Hurricane Irene, about a 1-in-10 or 1-in-20 year storm. These water levels are expected to occure much more frequently in the future due to sea level rise. Water levels during king high tide should be a few feet lower, and no storm surge is predicted to occur, so there's no need to worry this week.2012-02-29T03:00:44+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/22/the-hudson%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%9csupermoon%e2%80%9d-spring-tides-and-freshet/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/s107c_current.pngs107c_currentModeled Hudson water currents (arrows show direction) and water levels (relative to mean sea level, MSL) at the center of the Hudson off 79th Street boat basin, with hour from midnight on 3/22/11 on the x-axis. Figures are from NYHOPS.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/s107a_level.pngs107a_levelhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/img_0423.jpgIMG_04232011-10-25T19:03:05+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/09/13/ancient-dusky-rivers/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/img_1113.jpgIMG_1113The view of muddy Upper New York Bay, toward the Hudson and Lower Manhattan, taken from Governor's Island2011-11-10T09:20:51+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/25/nyc-storm-surge-evacuation-map-pdf/2011-09-23T19:03:07+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/02/18/fish-found-a-solution-to-pcb-pollution/2011-09-14T23:54:17+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/27/irene-update-8am-saturday-24-hours-away/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082718z-psurge.pngIrene-082718z-psurgeNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including the storm surge heights that have a 33% likelihood of being exceeded (from NOAA's P-SURGE). Our Storm Surge Warning System (SSWS) domain is also superimposed with a green border. Both prediction models are discussed below. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082718z-zoom.pngIrene-082718z-zoomNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including the storm surge heights that have a 33% likelihood of being exceeded (from NOAA's P-SURGE). Our Storm Surge Warning System (SSWS) domain is also superimposed with a green border. Both prediction models are discussed below. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/kingspoint_surge_nyhops_110827_400pm.pngKingsPoint_surge_NYHOPS_110827_400pmPredicted Tide (blue), observations (red dots) and the SSWS water level forecast (magenta) at Kings Point, in western Long Island Sound, for Friday through Sunday August 26-28. MLLW is the mean of typical low tide levels. Consult http://stevens.edu/ssws for predictions at other locations.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/battery_surge_nyhops_110827_400pm.pngBattery_surge_NYHOPS_110827_400pmhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082712z-psurge.pngIrene-082712z-psurgeNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including the storm surge heights that have a 33% likelihood of being exceeded (from NOAA's P-SURGE). Our Storm Surge Warning System (SSWS) domain is also superimposed with a green border. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/kingspoint_surge_nyhops_110827_1200am.pngKingsPoint_surge_NYHOPS_110827_1200amhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/battery_surge_nyhops_110827_1200am.pngBattery_surge_NYHOPS_110827_1200amNYHOPShttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/psurge_110827_530am.pngPSURGE_110827_530amMap showing the storm surge height that has a 10% probability of being exceeded, from NOAA's P-SURGE.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/psurge_110827_530am.jpgPSURGE_110827_530amMap showing the storm surge height that has a 10% probability of being exceeded, from NOAA's P-SURGE.2011-08-29T13:32:32+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/26/irene-update-friday-6pm-glimmers-of-good-news/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/battery_tides_model_110826_7am1.pngBattery_tides_model_110826_7amPredicted Tide (blue), observations (red dots) and storm surge forecast (magenta) at The Battery, New York City, for Saturday and Sunday August 26-28. High tides along Long Island are at a similar time, and along the Jersey Shore are about one hour earlier.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082618z.pngIrene-082618zNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including probabilities of dangerous 58 mph steady winds. Our NYHOPS/SSWS domain is superimposed with a green border. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.2011-08-29T13:31:05+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/28/irene-update-100am-sunday-goodnight-irene-goodnight/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082800z-psurge.pngIrene-082800z-psurgeNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including the storm surge heights that have a 33% likelihood of being exceeded (from NOAA's P-SURGE). Our Storm Surge Warning System (SSWS) domain is also superimposed with a green border. Both prediction models are discussed below. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.2011-08-28T20:42:36+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/23/hurricane-irene-parallels-with-1821/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/083214w5_nl_sm1.gif083214W5_NL_smhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/083214w5_nl_sm.gif083214W5_NL_smForecast track of Hurricane Irene, projected to be a major hurricane with wind speeds of 135 mph when it makes landfall around North Carolina (Credit: National Hurricane Center).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/646px-1821_atlantic_hurricane_track_map.gif646px-1821_Atlantic_Hurricane_Track_MapThe Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane of 1821, the most damaging hurricane to strike NYC in over 500 years (Credit: Wikpedia).2011-08-27T04:44:46+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/25/irene-update-11am-thursday/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082512z.pngIrene-082512zNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including probabilities of Tropical Storm force winds. Our NYHOPS/SSWS domain is superimposed with a green border. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/tides_atlanticcity.pngtides_AtlanticCityPredicted Tide at The Battery, New York City, for Saturday and Sunday August 27-28. High tides along the Jersey Shore are about one hour earlier. https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/graphic1.gifGraphic1Predicted Tide at Atlantic City, NJ from Sunday August 28 through Monday August 29. High tides at The Battery in New York City and Central Long Island are delayed by about one hour.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/spaghetti_models_110825_9am.jpgspaghetti_models_110825_9amhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082506z.pngIrene-082506zCourtesy of Nickitas Georgas2011-08-27T04:39:25+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/26/irene-forecast-7am-friday/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/battery_tides_model_110826_7am.pngBattery_tides_model_110826_7amPredicted Tide (blue) and storm surge forecast (magenta) at The Battery, New York City, for Saturday and Sunday August 27-28. High tides along Long Island are at a similar time, and along the Jersey Shore are about one hour earlier.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/graphic11.gifGraphic1Predicted Tide (NOT including storm surge) at The Battery, New York City, for Saturday and Sunday August 27-28. High tides along Long Island are at a similar time, and along the Jersey Shore are about one hour earlier.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/092739w5_nl_sm.gif092739W5_NL_sm2011-08-27T04:38:49+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/25/irene-forecast-11pm-thursday/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene-082518z.pngIrene-082518zNHC forecast track for Hurricane Irene, including probabilities of dangerous 58mph winds. Our NYHOPS/SSWS domain is superimposed with a green border. Courtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgas.2011-08-27T04:38:23+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/24/updated-irene-forecast-storm-still-targeting-nyc/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/025713w5_nl_sm.gif025713W5_NL_smCredit: National Hurricane Center2011-08-26T03:49:22+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/24/irene-update-2pm-wednesday/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene_georgas_110824_200pm.pngIrene_Georgas_110824_200pmCourtesy of Dr. Nickitas Georgashttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/irene_georgas_110824_1100am.pngIrene_Georgas_110824_1100amCourtesy of Nickitas Georgashttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/143914w5_nl_sm1.gif143914W5_NL_smhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/143914w5_nl_sm.gif143914W5_NL_sm2011-08-26T03:48:22+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/08/12/forecast-for-the-latest-hudson-sewage-spills-pathogens/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/map_maxconcs1.jpgmap_maxconcsSaturday's maximum pathogen concentrations in surface waters, relative to a source of 1.0. A full movie of the 3-day simulation is linked from the next figure, below.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/map_concs.jpgmap_concsClick on the figure to go to YouTube for a full movie of the 3-day simulationhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/map_maxconcs.jpgmap_maxconcs2011-08-14T20:56:18+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/07/22/bike-touring-the-aftermath-of-the-riverbank-sewage-meltdown/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/outfall_photo.jpgoutfall_photoRaw sewage plume of brown smelly water spewing into Hudson from pipe at 125th St, at south end of Harlem Piers Parkhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/plume_125thst.jpgplume_125thStRaw sewage/freshwater plume (smooth water) about 100-200 feet wide on the Manhattan side of the Hudson at 125th, looking south https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/plume_96thst.jpgplume_96thStRaw sewage/freshwater plume (smooth water) about 40ft wide on the Manhattan side of the Hudson at 96th, looking south 2011-08-06T05:04:11+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/06/11/jamaica-bay-what-restoration-steps-would-you-propose/2011-07-15T13:13:46+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/06/13/jamaica-bay-restoration-anything-is-possible-if-youre-strategic/2011-06-13T21:12:47+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/04/25/blanket-of-fog-rolls-out-over-nyc/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/robbinsreef_wind.jpgrobbinsreef_windWind directions as the day progressed (arrow direction - up indicates wind is from the south) and wind speeds (x-axis) at Robbins Reef lighthouse in New York Harbor.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/robbinsreef_winds.pngrobbinsreef_windsWind directions (arrow direction - up indicates wind is from the south) and speeds (x-axis) at Robbins Reef lighthouse in New York Harbor, over the day today.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/img_0493.jpgIMG_0493View of the fog over Manhattan, from Hobokenhttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/284726964.jpg284726964View of the fog rolling in, from Central Park2011-06-13T21:00:34+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/05/22/jamaica-bay-pollution-flooding-and-human-vulnerability/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/oystercatchers_ap_kathy_willens.jpgoystercatchers_AP_Kathy_Willenshttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/marshloss.jpgMarshLossRed and blue regions mark salt marsh losses since 1951, and green areas show marsh area in 2003. Source: Jamaica Bay Watershed Protection Plan Advisory Committee, 2007.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/jambaymap.jpgJamBayMap2011-06-13T20:59:01+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/06/11/creating-a-climate-resilient-jamaica-bay/2011-06-13T17:20:40+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/urban-ocean-observatory/2011-06-07T21:01:58+00:00weekly0.6https://seaandskyny.com/2011/06/01/urban-air-conditioning-on-the-piers/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/castlepointbuoy_winds_nyhops_110601_1500h.pngCastlePointBuoy_Winds_NYHOPS_110601_1500hWind speed (y-axis) and direction at the Castle Point Buoy. The rotation of the arrow indicates the wind direction, with the arrow pointing up when the wind comes from the south. One knot is equivalent to 1.15 miles per hour. https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/castlepointbuoy_watertemp_nyhops_110601_1400h.pngCastlePointBuoy_WaterTemp_NYHOPS_110601_1400hHudson River water temperature, from off Castle Point, Hoboken.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/castlepointbuoy_airtemp_nyhops_110601_1400h.pngCastlePointBuoy_AirTemp_NYHOPS_110601_1400hAir temperature on the Hudson, off Castle Point, Hoboken (Stevens Institute of Technology)https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/centralpark_airtemp_nyhops_110601_1400h.pngCentralPark_AirTemp_NYHOPS_110601_1400hAir temperature in Central Park, on top of Belvedere Castle (National Weather Service).2014-02-09T21:31:10+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/05/26/fleet-weeks-parade-of-ships-on-the-hudson/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011_05_25_15_02_29_img_5743.jpg2011_05_25_15_02_29_IMG_5743https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011_05_25_15_37_28_img_5973.jpg2011_05_25_15_37_28_IMG_5973https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011_05_25_15_48_28_img_6054.jpg2011_05_25_15_48_28_IMG_6054https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011_05_25_15_59_19_img_6128.jpg2011_05_25_15_59_19_IMG_61282011-05-27T03:50:42+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/05/16/rain-wind-tide-flooding-trifecta/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ssws_110516_1700h_freeport.pngSSWS_110516_1700h_Freeporthttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ssws_110516_1700h.pngSSWS_110516_1700h2011-05-18T00:37:57+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/04/16/rain-and-wind-driven-coastal-flooding/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/ssws_flooding_april111.jpgSSWS_flooding_April11https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/floyd99.jpgFloyd99https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/ssws_flooding_april11.jpgSSWS_flooding_April112011-04-17T01:06:20+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/21/latest-plume-forecast-for-japan/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather16.jpgweather16https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/ocean1.jpgocean1https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather15.jpgweather15https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather14.jpgweather14https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather13.jpgweather13https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather12.jpgweather12https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather11.jpgweather11https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather9.jpgweather9https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather81.jpgweather8https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/weather8.jpgweather82011-07-23T16:41:09+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/23/is-hudson-river-an-estuary-or-a-river/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/nynj_salt.pngnynj_SALTSalinity in the lower Hudson River and other NYC waterways. Ocean salinity is ~35, while freshwater is 0.2011-10-14T13:16:39+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2010/11/18/skyline-seabreeze/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/skyline_seabreeze.jpgskyline_seabreezehttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/skyline_seabreeze2.gifskyline_seabreeze2https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/seabreeze_diagram2.jpgseabreeze_diagram2012-10-01T16:52:52+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/14/airborne-plume-dispersion-in-coastal-areas/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/plume_dispersion_japan.jpgplume_dispersion_japanModel simulated accumulated 12-hour dosage for two arbitrary tracer releases in Tokyo and offshore of Tokyo. The different shaded contours represent different realizations in the model ensemble. The bi-pronged distribution for Tokyo is due to the timing of the release relative to the sea breeze. (Westward is before sea breeze; northward is after sea breeze).https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/plume_final.jpgplume_finalModeled accumulated 12-hour dosage for two hypothetical tracer releases (in Tokyo and offshore of Tokyo) showing strong coastal variability. The different shaded contours represent different realizations of model runs in the ensemble. The bi-pronged distribution for Tokyo is due to the timing of the release relative to the sea breeze. (Westward is before sea breeze; northward is after sea breeze). https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/plume.jpgplumeModel simulated accumulated 12-hour dosage for two hypothetical tracer releases (in Tokyo and offshore of Tokyo) showing strong coastal variability. The different shaded contours represent different realizations of model runs in the ensemble. The bi-pronged distribution for Tokyo is due to the timing of the release relative to the sea breeze. (Westward is before sea breeze; northward is after sea breeze). 2011-03-15T18:28:16+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/02/09/the-scientific-significance-of-the-only-hurricane-ever-to-directly-hit-nyc/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/hurricaneairflowrotation.jpgHurricaneAirFlowRotation2011-03-15T00:42:29+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/02/04/which-way-would-airborne-toxic-gases-blow-during-a-terrorist-release/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/cbr.pngLarge eddy simulation (LES) modelBuilding-resolving model configured for midtown NYC with ~ 6 m resolution showing contaminant dispersion from an instantaneous release in Times Square, New York City as predicted by the Naval Research Laboratory FAST3D-CT model. The frames show concentrations at 3, 5, 7, and 15 minutes after release. The simulation illustrates how a gas moves alongside a tall building, drawing the gas into higher, swifter air where it can rapidly materialize at distances downwind and impact the population many blocks away. (Courtesy of Jay Boris)2011-03-14T22:44:16+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2010/11/30/earthquake-tsunami/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/s4a.pngs4a2011-03-14T00:14:06+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/03/08/blast-proofing-the-path-tunnels/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/path1.jpgPATH tunnel protectionBlast-resistant "blanket" preparing to be lowered to the bottom of the Hudson River.https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/path.jpgPATH tunnel protectionBlast-resistant "blanket" preparing to be lowered to the bottom of the Hudson River.2011-03-09T19:37:04+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2010/11/22/oceanyc/2011-02-11T02:39:12+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/01/17/the-big-stink-ii-scents-and-the-weather/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/windmap.jpgwindmaphttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/sfcplot_sm_20070108.gifsfcplot_sm_20070108https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/unisys_surface_weathermap_07010712.gifunisys_surface_weathermap_07010712https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ncep_reanal_1200z.pngNCEP_Reanal_1200Z2011-01-17T21:39:15+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.com/2011/01/10/the-big-stink-scents-and-the-city/https://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/philiporton_stinkmap.jpgphiliporton_stinkmaphttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/stinkmap.jpgstinkmaphttps://seaandskyny.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/googleearth_blogaccounts.jpgGoogleEarth_blogaccounts2011-01-16T22:10:43+00:00monthlyhttps://seaandskyny.comdaily1.02026-01-18T17:19:24+00:00